Neuroimaging of the Development of Neural Mechanisms Social Cognition

神经机制社会认知发展的神经影像学研究

KEVIN PELPHREY Show email (2009-08-01 to 2011-07-31) $1,234,230

Project ID: R01MH084080 (NIMH)

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Abstract

Psychologists have produced theories and a wealth of empirical evidence concerning the basic building blocks of social cognition. This understanding has recently benefited from the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRl) to identify a network of brain regions that support various facets of social cognition in humans. Studies of how we think about ourselves and other minds, how we mimic and respond, and how we regulate our emotions have allowed us to learn about the paths toward better and worse mental health outcomes. However, much of this work has focused on the mature minds of adult humans almost exclusively. lt is becoming clear that in order to understand the basis of mental health and illness in adults, it is important to understand the development of social cognition in children because such a focus can provide the crucially needed early view of intricate mental processes during formation. Advances in techniques for imaging the developing brain have provided exciting opportunities for studying the mechanisms involved in the development of social cognition abilities. What remains to be initiated are programs of research to produce the first empirical studies. The overarching aim of this grant is to use fMRl to identify and characterize the neural basis of development in aspects of social cognition. We will recruit neurologically normal children and adolescents (5-14 years of age). ln this two-year longitudinal study, each child will be studied once per year. This design will provide the start of much needed longitudinal data regarding the normal development of the social brain in childhood. Our studies will focus on the development of brain mechanisms for: (1) the perception of other people's actions and intentions and (2) the formation of representations of the self and the relationship between self and others.

针对通知编号（NOT-OD-10-032），NIH宣布通过NIH基本行为和社会科学为竞争性修订应用（R01，R03，R15，R21，R21 / R33和R37）提供恢复法案资金机会网络（OppNet）我们为正在进行的拨款提出了重要的新目标。这一新目标的目的是严格评估儿科功能性近红外光谱/断层扫描（fNIRS）方法在社会神经科学发展领域的实用性，并直接将其与儿科功能磁共振成像（fMRI）进行比较。适应性社交技能背后的大脑机制的发展是个人健康和福祉以及他们所属社会的关键。然而，fMRI，我们目前最好的技术，有限制，使许多儿童无法进行研究，或导致父母不愿意让孩子参与。 fNIRS解决了其中一些限制。我们计划直接比较目前正在进行的实验中收集的fNIRS数据与fMRI中的儿童。这项工作将为fNIRS研究社会行为和过程的方法提供全面而直接的比较。证明fNIRS成像数据可扩展到发育社会神经科学领域，这将使许多新研究领域的快速发展成为可能，包括对目前无法获得的人群的研究。增加潜在研究参与者的深度和广度将加速科学进步，以了解精神疾病的出现，影响社会认知和社会行为的精神疾病的发病机制（如自闭症，焦虑症，厌食症和精神分裂症）和将大大有利于社会大脑规范发展的研究。公共卫生相关性：我们计划使用两种成像方法直接比较社会行为和社会处理的大脑机制：磁共振成像和近红外光谱。前者是最先进的，但是有限制阻碍儿童的科学研究，而后者在儿科神经科学领域尚未得到证实。成功证明fNIRS的有用性将为儿童的大脑如何在社会世界中发挥作用开辟新的研究线索。