Environmental Challenges and the Aging Brain: Implications for Community Mobility

环境挑战与老龄化大脑：对社区流动性的影响

ANDREA ROSSO Show email (2016-09-01 to 2020-05-31) $509,262

Project ID: K01AG053431 (NIA)

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Abstract

Mobility limitations are common and costly. Community mobility is an individual?s movement that occurs outside the home and occurs within complex environments. Therefore, the interactions of an individual with the environment must be considered to fully understand how mobility limitations arise. The association of subclinical central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities with mobility in older adults free from neurologic disease is beginning to be established but is typically not studied in relation to environmental challenges. The first aim of this proposal is to characterize the relation between CNS characteristics, peripheral contributors, and community- based environmental challenges in a group of community-dwelling older adults. The second aim will develop and validate lab-based environmental challenges that reflect performance in actual community environments. This proposal incorporates several innovations that will allow me to better assess how the aging brain affects negotiation of real-world environmental challenges: 1) use of community-based environmental challenges in the lab to test community mobility 2) use of wearable, wireless functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for assessment of functional brain changes while participants are walking and 3) a multimodal neuroimaging approach that combines functional measurements from fNIRS with structural imaging. To successfully complete this research, I propose four training aims: 1) Acquire skills in measurement of gait in the lab and the real world; 2) Become an expert in use of near-infrared spectroscopy in mobility research; 3) Acquire advanced skills in in instrument development and testing; and 4) Continue to develop leadership and professional skills. These training aims will help me to achieve my immediate goals of establishing the relation between brain aging and limitations in community mobility as well as my long term goals of better understanding the contributors to community mobility in order to inform future intervention strategies. This research will establish the association between CNS function and negotiation of community-based environmental challenges, will establish the validity of tools for use in future studies, and will provide evidence towards novel intervention strategies to improve community mobility of older adults.

移动性限制很常见且成本高昂。社区流动是个人的移动，发生在家庭之外，发生在复杂的环境中。因此，必须考虑个人与环境的相互作用，以充分理解如何产生移动性限制。亚临床中枢神经系统（CNS）异常与没有神经系统疾病的老年人的活动性的关联开始建立，但通常没有研究与环境挑战有关。该提案的第一个目的是描述一群社区居住的老年人中枢神经系统特征，外围贡献者和社区环境挑战之间的关系。第二个目标是开发和验证基于实验室的环境挑战，以反映实际社区环境中的绩效。该提案融合了多项创新，使我能够更好地评估衰老的大脑如何影响现实世界环境挑战的谈判：1）在实验室中使用基于社区的环境挑战来测试社区流动性2）使用可穿戴的无线功能 - 红外光谱（fNIRS），用于评估参与者行走时的功能性脑变化; 3）多模式神经影像学方法，将fNIRS的功能测量与结构成像相结合。为了成功完成这项研究，我提出了四个培训目标：1）获得实验室和现实世界中步态测量的技能; 2）成为移动研究中近红外光谱学的专家; 3）掌握仪器开发和测试方面的先进技术; 4）继续培养领导能力和专业技能。这些培训目标将帮助我实现我的目标，即建立大脑老龄化与社区流动性限制之间的关系，以及我更好地理解社区流动性贡献者的长期目标，以便为未来的干预策略提供信息。该研究将确定CNS功能与基于社区的环境挑战的协商之间的关联，将确定用于未来研究的工具的有效性，并将为改善老年人社区流动性的新干预策略提供证据。